Types of Plagiarism

• Outright copying
  

  Example:	Submitting another student's work as your own.
  Example:	Submitting a paper downloaded from an internet site.

• Errors in Quoting
  
  Using a person's written or spoken words without setting them off in quotation marks and properly acknowledging the source in a footnote or endnote.
  

  Example:
  That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.	Incorrect!---No quotation marks or acknowledgement
  "That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet." (Shakespeare)	Correct!---Quotation marks surround the phrase and an endnote shows the author. (The bibliography will then have the full citation to the source, William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.)

   

   

  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  Note: The SJU Department of English's required resource for undergraduate writing and citation style is: Pocket Keys for Writers: Custom Edition for Saint Joseph's University by Ann Raines. It is available for purchase at the SJU Bookstore and copies are available for use in the Drexel Library (inquire at the Service Desk or the Information Desk). In addition to presenting clear instructions on documenting sources in MLA, APA, CBE, and Chicago styles, this guide offers suggestions on orgainizing research, avoiding plagiarism, and the mechanics of writing.
  
  Visit the Library's How to Cite Sources for more information and for citation resources for Business students and for students in graduate programs.

• Errors in Paraphrasing
  
  
  
  • Paraphrasing another's words or ideas without properly acknowledging the source in a footnote or endnote.

Example
Original source (Citiation is shown in APA style.)		"The results suggest that other high-risk behaviors, such as using marijuana, drinking heavily, and having multiple sex partners, are the strongest correlates of smoking status among this population. Other characteristics of a hedonistic lifestyle were also predictive, such as endorsement of parties as important and participation in leisure activities." Emmons, W.D., Wechsler, H., Dowdall, G., & Abraham, M. (1998). Predictors of smoking among US college students. American Journal Of Public Health, 88 (1), 104-107. Retrieved December 8, 2003, from EBSCOhost database (Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition) .
Plagiarized paraphrase Although the text in the paraphrase is valid, there is no source acknowledgement.		Studies indicate that there is a correlation between smoking in college students and engaging in other high-risk behaviors. For example, students who smoked were more likely to drink, party, and have many sexual partners.
Valid paraphrase The bibliography must then have the full citation to the source as shown above.		The findings of Emmons, Wechsler, Dowdall, and Abraham (1998) indicate that there is a correlation between smoking in college students and engaging in other high-risk behaviors. For example, students who smoked were more likely to drink, party, and have many sexual partners.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Paraphrasing another's words or ideas in text that is too similar to the original.
  

Example
Original source (Citiation is shown in APA style.)		"The results suggest that other high-risk behaviors, such as using marijuana, drinking heavily, and having multiple sex partners, are the strongest correlates of smoking status among this population. Other characteristics of a hedonistic lifestyle were also predictive, such as endorsement of parties as important and participation in leisure activities." Emmons, W.D., Wechsler, H., Dowdall, G., & Abraham, M. (1998). Predictors of smoking among US college students. American Journal Of Public Health, 88 (1), 104-107. Retrieved December 8, 2003, from EBSCOhost database (Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition) .
Plagiarized paraphrase Although there is source acknowledgement, the paraphrase parallels the original too closely.		The results show that some high-risk behaviors, such as smoking pot, drinking too much and being promiscuous are strong correlates of smoking incidence among this group. It was also predictive to look at other factors of a hedonistic lifestyle, such as promoting parties and participating in leisure activities. (Emmons, Wechsler, Dowdall, and Abraham, 1998 )
Valid paraphrase The bibliography must then have the full citation to the source as shown above.		The findings of Emmons, Wechsler, Dowdall, and Abraham (1998) indicate that there is a correlation between smoking in college students and engaging in other high-risk behaviors. For example, students who smoked were more likely to drink, party, and have many sexual partners.

 

See also: