Concentration is "focused" thinking which enables us to think with precision and to comprehend difficult topics and ideas. It is crucial to study actively and become absorbed in the material. The ability to concentrate varies greatly from one person to another; however, with practice most students can improve their level of concentration.

Susceptibility to distraction has been identified by college freshmen as a major cause of study problems. Students who are easily distractible cannot concentrate on their studies unless their study environment is free of distraction. Distractions can either be external (physical) or internal (psychological) in nature. To achieve greater concentration you must try to improve the conditions that promote concentration.

Types of Distractions

1. Internal or psychological distractions.
   Internal distractions originate within YOU. YOU create these distractions and only YOU have the power to eliminate or control them. Included in internal distractions are daydreams, personal problems, anxiety, indecision, and especially unrealistic goals.

2. External or physical distractions.
   Anything that stimulates the senses and in the process interrupts concentration can be considered an external distraction. To concentrate effectively you must reduce sights and sounds, work in an appropriate study environment, and use the proper equipment.

Ways to Reduce Internal Distractions

1. Keep track of your lapses of concentration. It is suggested that you use a "concentration scorecard" to record your personal interruptions. Indicate on a sheet of paper by a check mark ( ) or notation of time (8:35, 8:47, 9:15),the number of occasions when you are aware of your mind wandering while you study. When you total these distractions, you realize how intrusive lapses are. The mind can be trained to concentrate for longer periods.

2. Record stray thoughts on a "worry pad." Write down the personal thoughts that intrude on your concentration, and deal with these thoughts when you have completed studying. These distractions can include boyfriend/girlfriend problems, roommate concerns, family matters, whatever troubles you. Take the time, before or after you study, to analyze why the problem exists and possible solution strategies. Usually you can analyze the cause of the problem and some options for resolution on your own. If it is a serious or sensitive concern, professional confidential help is available in the Counseling and Personal Development Center, Campion Center.

Methods to Reduce External Distractions

1. Choose an appropriate study environment.
   Select a place designed for study such as the university library, or create your own. In the library choose a corner carrel or a seat facing the wall. If you begin to daydream or nap while studying at your desk, take a break. Do not become conditioned to anything but study at the desk.

2. Eliminate noise which can be a major obstacle to effective study.

   • Turn off the music when studying. Although you may have had loud background music in high school without affecting your grades, it will pose a serious detergent to sustained concentration in college.

   • Keep the TV off. Television is a distraction to both vision and hearing.

   • Choose adequate lighting. Good lighting is essential to good studying.

   • Health problems, such as headaches, eyestrain, or tension can develop from poor lighting.

   • Minimize visual distractions. Remove from your view items that might interfere with concentration. Examples are: photos, gadgets, books, activity outside the window.

3. Use Proper equipment

   • The right light should be bright, even and steady. Bright light emits 2500 lumens. Two 100 watt bulbs are required. Avoid glare and flickering light.

   • Find a comfortable seat and have adequate working space. Try using a bookstand. The tilt provides easier, more comfortable reading.

   • Collect study materials.

   • Delay personal contact: telephone calls, conversations, meetings.

Strategies for Enhancing Concentration

• Maintain a positive attitude. Realize that some college reading may be uninteresting. To meet the goal of GRADUATION, however, it is necessary to do the work.

• Prepare to work by setting realistic study goals. Break a large study task into manageable blocks that can be accomplished one at a time. Add the task to your daily "to do" list.

• Stay in good physical shape. Get sufficient sleep. Eat nourishing meals. Exercise regularly. Take a short, 15-30 minute nap if needed.

• Vary study activities. Change subjects and type of assignments.

• Use outside help when needed. If you begin to struggle, find a tutor. Don't procrastinate! Join a study group from the class which meets regularly.

• GET ORGANIZED with an appointment book. Learn to control you time. Use a monthly calendar and a master study schedule. Make weekly and daily "to do" lists.

• Take breaks after a sustained period of study. Reward yourself with a ten minute break.

For more information contact The Learning Skills Specialist at
(610) 660-1846