Richard Lund

I have been excavating and studying, the fishes of the Bear Gulch Limestone since 1969. I have also worked extensively in the Pennsylvanian and Permian of the Pittsburgh region. For more information about my professional background and contributions see my Curricullum Vitae

Richard Lund Two inspirations serve me as guides:

The first is that when you split a rock, open it up, and see a beautiful fish before you that has not seen the brilliant light of a Montana day for three hundred and twenty million years, the sight is breathtaking and the feelings are of awe, transcending all else.

The second, and much more my personal goal, is put into words by an inscription on a bust of Henry Fairfield Osborne at the American Museum of Natural History in New York:

"To Make The Dry Bones Come To Life
And the Dust of Ages Past
Rejoin the Pageant of the Living"

The process of finding fossils is deceptively simple to summarize. One finds an outcropping of sedimentary rock, and splits the rock until there is nowhere left in which a fossil can hide. If there is an identifiable fossil, it is kept. If not, the rock is tossed down the slope to accumulate as talus. When the talus pile rises up to meet the layer being worked down, and one gets to the point of throwing rock up out of a pit, it’s time to find another spot to dig. As far as telling what’s identifiable, when one starts a new dig just about every scrap and spot is kept for examination back in the laboratory, but if one keeps digging long enough, and learning, one gets more selective. A hand lens is an absolutely necessary piece of equipment in any fossil dig, but because of the peculiar nature of the Bear Gulch Limestone fossils, we always need to keep a microscope handy in camp. Things that didn’t definitely turn out to be something recognizable but still looked interesting came back to camp for examination under the scope, and got to be called scopers.

When you first split a rock on the outcrop there is a thin film of moisture between the layers that makes it very easy to see whatever fossil is there, however delicate and faint it may be. When the moisture evaporates the fossil tends to fade from view. While bony fish are not a problem because you can see the bones dry or wet, and large sharks are not a problem because they have fairly conspicuous features, delicate little things preserved as pigments or skin impressions disappear from sight as the moisture dries. Our immediate solution on the crop was to lick them to try to see again what was seen the first time. My first exposure to this phenomenon came when Bill Melton handed me a dark grey rock on which he swore there was an eel-like fish. I could see nothing but grey, but when I poured water on it a very delicate shark appeared.

Top of page

CURRICULUM VITAE: Richard Lund

email: RDicklund3@cs.com

Research Interest Areas:

Fossil Fish, particularly middle to upper Paleozoic fish
Development, particularly development of dental systems and skeletal materials
Evolution; vertebrate evolution, origin and early evolution of gnathostome fish
Community Paleoecology, Ecology, and Ecomorphology

Education:

University of Michigan, September 1957-June 1961, B.S. Geology
University of Michigan, September 1961-June 1963, M.S. Geology
Columbia University, September 1963-February 1968, Ph.D. Zoology (Vertebrate Paleontology).

Employment:

Adelphi University, Biology, Assistant Professor, 1974-1975; Associate Professor, 1975-1980; Professor, 1980-2002, Emeritus Professor, 2002.
Director, Program in Environmental Studies: Fall 1993-2002.

Top of page

Field Experience:

Natural History, Ichthyology, from infancy
Geology Field Camp, Boulder, Colorado, Summer 1960
Hibbard, Kansas, Pleistocene Field, Summer 1961
American Museum of Natural History, Triassic of Colorado, Summer 1962, Triassic, Jurassic of Colorado & New Mexico, July 1964
Lerner Marine Lab., Bimini, Bahamas, April 1965
W. Pennsylvania area, 1966-1978
Oregon Jurassic, 1969
Cape Breton Island Canada, Mississippian Fish Fossils, Summer 1971
Continental Permian of Central Europe, 1975
Evolution of Early Vertebrates, Australia, 1983
Chesterian of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, 1984, 1987
Indo-Pacific Fishes, Tokyo and Okinawa, 1985
Evolution of Early Vertebrates, Beijing and Yunnan, China, 1987
Permian Phosphoria of Idaho, Summer 1993
Paleontologic Society Delegation to China, 1994
Central Montana, Carboniferous, 1969-2004.

Top of page

Professional Societies:

Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, 1961-present
American Society of Ichs. & Herps., 1961-present
AAAS, 1962-present; Society of Econ. Min. and Paleo., 1970-1975
American Society of Zoologists, 1974-present
The Paleontologic Society, 1975-present; Ecological Society of America, 1979-1990
New York Academy of Sciences, 1979-1982
American Elasmobranch Soc., 1984-present
Also: International Lower Vertebrate Study Group, International study group on Dental Morphology and Evolution, IUG-International Subcommission on the Carboniferous, Explorer's Club.

Top of page

Theses

Glickman, W. L. 1977.* Allenypterus montanus (Crossopterygii, Coelacanthiformes) from the Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana. Ms. thesis, Adelphi University.
DiCanzio, J. A. 1978.* Ecomorphology of the Osteichthyes from the Bear Gulch Limestone. Ms. Thesis, Adelphi Univ.
Lowney, K. A. 1980.* Certain Bear Gulch (Namurian A, Montana) Actinopterygii (Osteichthyes) and a reevaluation of the evolution of the Paleozoic actinopterygians. Ph.D. thesis, New York Univ., October 1980: 489 p.
Williams, L.A. 1981. The sedimentational history of the Bear Gulch Limestone (Middle Carboniferous, Central Montana) Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University, 242 p.
Dellanoy, M. 1983.* The ultrastructural epithelial and mesenchymal contributions to the developing enameloid layer in the shark, Mustelus canis. Ms. thesis, Adelphi Univ.
Dingerkus, G. 1985. Interrelationships of the living chondrichthyan fishes. Ph.D. thesis, CUNY- AMNH, not resubmitted after review.
Goldman, S. C. 1987.* Reattachment of the periodontal ligament in human tooth reimplantation. Ms. Thesis, Adelphi University.
Grogan, E.D. 1988.* Analyzing the blood of Chondrichthyes. Ms. Thesis, Adelphi University.
Grogan, E.D. 1993*. The Structure of the Holocephalan Head and the Relationships of the Chondrichthyes. Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, College of William and Mary.
Rosenberg, L. (1998)*. On the hard tissues of Upper Mississippian Chondrichthyan Fishes; their origins and natures. (Ms. Thesis, Adelphi University).
Stucke, M*. (not completed). Organic particulate sediments and their environmental implications: Bear Gulch Limestone, Heath Formation, Upper Chesterian of Fergus County, Montana. (Ph.D. candidate, CUNY).
Molinari, J. (not completed). Ultrastructural development of the teeth of Xiphophorus helleri (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes. Ms. thesis, Adelphi University.

(* denotes committee chairperson/PI.)

Top of page

Public Outreach

Scientific consultant and planner, Bear Gulch Diorama, LandForms and Lifeforms Exhibit, Museum of the Rockies, Bozeman, MT. 1994-1996. Opened 1996.
Turner Broadcasting System, PBS: segment in the National Geographic Special "Sharks on their best behaviour", 1993.
Images furnished for Microfolies prod. (France), Ancient Oceans (CR-ROM), 1995.
Images furnished for Wall-To-Wall Television (Britain), Prehistoric Sharks (Video) 1996.
Discovery Channel/BBC - "Prehistoric Sharks"- segment filmed in field and laboratory, 1998.
BBC- "The Extinction Files", interview and segment 1/98 for March 1998 showing. Includes segment from "Sharks on their Best Behaviour".
"Ancient Sharks, Modern Sharks"- Exhibit at Dinofest International 1998, Philadelphia. Participants: Adelphi Univ.; E. D. Grogan, St. Joseph's Univ., J. Babiarz, Arizona; G. Hubbell, Fla.; R. Purdy, U.S.N.M.; R. Troll, Ketchikan Alaska; Students Elizabeth Lavin, Cara Catanese, Steven Schmerfeld, Jonathan Hill (St. Joseph's University).
Images furnished for Sea of Life exhibit, Gamagori Natural History Museum; Gamagori Japan.
Public exhibitions at: Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; Denver Museum of Natural History; Falls of the Ohio State Park.
Survival Anglia, Ltd. Consultant to TV production on Prehistoric Sharks. 1999-2000
Consultant to artist Ray Troll- Alphabet Book of Sharks- publication Feb. 2001.
Geokids LINKS program 2004, (St. Joseph’s University, Wagner Free Institute of Science, & the Philadelphia School District): hands-on science to elementary school classrooms.

Top of page

Talks, Meetings

1979. Evolution of the Coelacanths (Poster Session). Soc. Vertebrate Paleo. meetings, Toronto, Canada.
1980. Viviparity in a Paleozoic holocephalan from the Bear Gulch Limestone, Soc. Vertebrate Paleo. meetings, Pittsburgh.
1981. Evolution of fossil sharks. Hofstra University Biology.
1981. Stethacanthid elasmobranchs from the Bear Gulch Limestone. (Poster Session). Society of Vertebrate Paleo. meetings, Ann Arbor.
1982. Sexual dimorphism in fossil sharks from the Bear Gulch limestone. Queens College Biology Department.
1983. Invited speaker, MACUB, Multivariate Analysis in Biology.
1983. Ecomorphological studies of a Carboniferous fish community, an overview. ASIH meetings, Tallahassee, Fla.
1983. On the early evolution of the osteichthyan skull roof. Symposium on the evolution and biogeography of early vertebrates, Sydney and Canberra, Australia.
1983. Fossil fishes from the Bear Gulch Limestone. N.Y. Paleontologic Society.
1984., W. and R. ASIH meetings, Norman, Oklahoma: Diversity and Distribution in a Carboniferous Fish Community - The Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana.
1985. ASIH meetings, Amer. Elasmo. Soc. symposium, Knoxville, Tenn. On the Diversity of the Holocephali.
1985. 2nd International Conference on IndoPacific Fishes, Tokyo. On the Diversity of the Holocephali.
1986. The Bear Gulch limestone and the strange history of the sharks. Nassau County Mineral Soc., N. Y.
1986. Fossil Sharks of Montana. N. Y. Paleontological Soc.
1986. 7th Int. Symp. Dental Morph. Evolution, Paris, France. New Mississippian Holocephali and the evolution of the Holocephali.
1986. Museum Nat. d'Hist. Nat. Paris. Histology and interrelationships of the Bradyodonti.
1986. American Elasmobranch Soc. Victoria, B.C. Ancestry of the Holocephali.
1986. Soc. Vert. Paleo., Phila. Histology and interrelationships of the Paleozoic Holocephali.
1986. R. Lund & J. Young, G. Rousseau.* Histology and relationships of the Bradyodonti
1986. W.L. Lund and R. Lund. Diversity and distribution of the fishes of the Bear Gulch Limestone.
1987. Amer. Assoc. Paleont. Suppliers, Tucson. Data in Paleoichthyology: Capture and Usage.
1987. SUNY-Stony Brook, luncheon colloquium: Ecology and selective factors in a Mississippian Bay.
1987. U. of Miami RSMAS: Ecology and selective factors in a Mississippian Bay.
1987. AES-ASIH meetings, Albany, NY: Chondrichthyan Life History Strategies: The Mississippian of Montana.
1987. Early Vertebrate Study Group, Beijing. The relationships of the Chondrichthyes.
1987. US-Japan Joint Study Group- Elasmobranchs as Living Resources, Honolulu, HA. Evolutionary problems in the Holocephali.
1988. Nassau Mineral Club, Mineola. Extraordinary fossils and their interpretation.
1988. Middle American Paleontological Society, Macomb, Ill. Mississippian sharks from Montana and Middle America.
1989. NY Junior Academy of Sciences- Margaret Mead Distinguished Lecturer: Sharks of Stone.
1989. Earthwatch PI Conference, Cambridge, MA. Sharks of Stone.
1989. Nassau Science Explorations. Sharks of Stone.
1989. VIII Int. Symposium Dental Morph. Evol. Jerusalem. 3 talks.
1989. Keynote speaker, Eagle Scout Inductions, Fergus County, MT
1989. Keynote speaker, Royal Ontario Museum Internal Colloquia. Toronto, Ont.
1990. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago: A Capsule History of Sharks.
1990. NY Junior Academy of Sciences: A Capsule History of Sharks.
1990. Society of Vertebrate Paleo. meetings, Lawrence, Ks.
1991. Earthwatch Conference, Cambridge, Mass. March- Sharks of Stone.
1991. New Rhadinichthyids from the Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana- 7th Int. Symposium on studies of Early Vertebrates, Miguasha, Quebec, June 6-16.
1992. Earthwatch Conference, Cambridge, Mass. March- Sharks of Stone.
1992. Autodiastylic suspensoriums in Paleozoic Chondrichthyes.
1992. Paraselachii (Lund, 1977), White marrow, and the question of Holocephalan
Selachian relationships (ED Grogan and R Lund): AES-ASIH meetings, June.
1993. Hofstra University. The relationships of the Holocephali.
1993. Ecomorphology and Community Structure of the fishes of Bear Gulch Bay, Mississippian of Montana. ASIH-AES meetings, Austin TX.
1993. Bucknell University. Community Structure of the fishes of Bear Gulch Bay, Mississippian of Montana.
1994. Lund, R., & A. Younan. The functional significance of Paleozoic actinopterygian skull bone ganoine patterns ASIH meeting, USC, Los Angeles, Ca.
1995. Grogan, E.D. & R. Lund. Revelations and cautions concerning soft tissue pigments in Bear Gulch fossil fishes. ASIH Meeting, Edmonton Alta.
1995. R. Lund & Kelly McCarthy. New Cladistia (Actinopterygii) from the Lower Carboniferous Bear Gulch Limestone, and the basal characters of the Actinopterygii. ASIH Meeting, Edmonton Alta.
1995. R. Lund, C. Poplin, & K. McCarthy. Preliminary analysis of the interrelationships of some Paleozoic Actinopterygii. First Vertebrates, Early Vertebrates, Paris, Fr.
1995. Poplin, C. & R. Lund. Fates of the rostral, postrostral and premaxillary in the early history of actinopterygians. First Vertebrates, Early Vertebrates, Paris, Fr.
1995. Grogan, E.D. & R. Lund. Pigment patterns, soft anatomy, and relationships of Bear Gulch Chondrichthyes. First Vertebrates, Early Vertebrates, Paris, Fr.
1995. Chondrichthyan phylogeny: recent progress and current problems. First Vertebrates, Early Vertebrates, Paris, Fr.
1996. Grogan, E.D., & R. Lund. On the Systematics and Evolution of the Jaw Suspensorium in Chondrichthyes. ASIH meeting, New Orleans (read by J. Musick).
1997. Lund, R. Evolution of the pelvics and claspers in Chondrichthyes. ASIH-AES meetings, Seattle.
1997. Grogan, E.D., and R. Lund. A description of the chimaerid jaw and its phylogenetic origins. Poster session, Soc. Vert. Paleo. Meetings, Chicago.
Lund, R., and E.D. Grogan. Relationships of some Carboniferous Chondrichthyans and a re-examination of Helodus simplex. Poster session, Major Events in Early Vertebrate Evolution, London, England, April.
1999. Grogan, E. D. and R. Lund. "Re-examination of Helodus simplex and the relationships of Carboniferous Euchondrocephalans." AES/ASIH Meetings; Penn. State. Univ.
1999. Lund., R., H. Lelièvre , and E. D. Grogan. Endoskeletal mineralization of several
Paleozoic Chondrichthyes: some observations" AES/ASIH Meetings; Penn. State. Univ.
2000 Lund, R. and E.D. Grogan. Heads and dentitions of some Lower Carboniferous Chondrichthyans. Lower Vertebrates/Early Vertebrates Meetings, Flagstaff.
2000 Lund, R. and C. Poplin. Cladistic analysis of the interrelationships of the tarrasiids (Lower Carboniferous; Actinopterygii). Lower Vertebrates/Early Vertebrates Meetings, Flagstaff.
2000. Lund R. and E. D. Grogan. "Heads and Dentitions of some Lower Carboniferous Euchondrocephalan Chondrichthyes. "9th International Meeting, Early Vertebrates / Lower Vertebrates, Flagstaff, Arizona 5/20-27
2002. *Grogan, E. D. and R. Lund. New Euchondrocephalan Chondrichthyans from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Serpukhovian, Namurian E2B) of Montana and their impact on the Class Chondrichthyes. Annual Meetings of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (Norman, Oklahoma), Symposium on Recent Advances on the Origin and Radiation of Early Vertebrates.
2003 Lecture- Delaware Valley Paleontologic Society .
2003. Grogan, E. D. and R. Lund. Description of Little Two Spine, a New Euchondrocephalan Chondrichthyan from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Serpukovian, Namurian E2B) of Montana. Annual meetings of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology: St. Paul, Minn.
2003. Grogan, E. D., R. Lund., and N. Dierks. Three Actinopterygians from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian E2B, Serpukhovian) and the Relationships of the Platysomiformes. Annual meetings of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology: St. Paul, Minn.
2004. Grogan, E.D. and R. Lund. Diversity and Evolution of Paleozoic Chondrichthyes. Annual meetings of the American Elasmobranch Society, Norman Oklahoma.
2004. Lund, R. and E. D. Grogan. The Search for the Stem Group Chondrichthyan. Annual meetings of the American Elasmobranch Society, Norman Oklahoma.
2005. Lund. R. and E. D. Grogan Iniopterygians from the Bear Gulch of Montana (Serpukhovian, Namurian E2b). Annual meetings of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Phoenix, Arizona.
2005 Lecture- Falls of the Ohio State Park, Ind .

Top of page

Publications

1966. Intermuscular bones in Pholidophorus bechei from the lower Lias of England. Science, 152: 348-349.
1966. Wycoff, R.W.G., and R. Lund. Evidence for collagen in a fossil of the Lower Jurassic. Nature, 212: 1502-1503.
1967. An analysis of the propulsive mechanisms of fishes, with particular reference to some fossil actinopterygians. Ann. Carnegie Museum 39:195-218.
1967. Fishing in Old Pennsylvania. Carnegie Magazine, May.
1969. Review of: Complements a l'Etude des Poissons Actinopterygiens du Jurassique Francais, Quart. Rev. Biol. 44: 405, December.
1970. Fossil Fishes from Southwestern Pennsylvania, Part I: Fishes from the Duquesne Limestones (Conemaugh, Pennsylvanian). Ann. Carnegie Museum 41: 231-261.
1970. Fossil vertebrates of the Pittsburgh area, in: Geology of the Pittsburgh Area, Gen. Geol. Report G-59: 80-84.
1970. A new technique for chemical preparation of fossils, Jour. Paleo. 44: 578.
1971. Portions of The Grandview Study Report on geologic and slope stability. City Planning Commission report to the Pittsburgh City Council, A. deChicchis, head.
1972. Vertebrate Fossils from the Washington Stone Company Quarry, Vance, Pennsylvania. Notes on the Vertebrate Fossils of the Elm Grove Area, West Virginia. in: I.C. White Memorial Symposium, Log of Field Trip, September 27-29, T. J. Arkle, ed., West Virginia Geol. Survey, Morgantown.
1973. The Fishes of the Bayet Collection, Landmarks of Evolution. Carnegie Magazine, February.
1973. Monongahela dunkardensis, new species, (Dipnoi, Lepidosirenidae) from the Dunkard Group. Annals of Carnegie Mus. 44: 71-101.
1973. Historical Geology, Chapters 9, 10 in: Explorations in Earth Sciences Laboratory Manual, H. Rollins, Ed: 49-58.
1974. and R. Zangerl. Squatinactis montanus, an elasmobranch of batoid habitus from the lower Pennsylvanian Bear Gulch limestone of Montana. Ann. Carnegie Museum 45: 43-55.
1974. Stethacanthus altonensis from the Bear Gulch limestone of Montana. Ann. Carnegie Museum 45: 161-178.
1974. Baum, K. A. and R. Lund. Vertebral centra in Haplolepis (Haplolepidae, Paleonisciformes) from the Allegheny Group, Pennsylvanian, Jour. Paleo. 48: 199-200.
1975. Vertebrate fossil zonation and correlation of the Dunkard basin, in: I. C. White Symposium, W. Va. Geol. Survey, J. A. Barlow, Ed.
1976. General geology and vertebrate biostratigraphy of the Dunkard basin. in: The continental Permian in Central, West, and South Europe, H. Falke, (ed.): 225-239. NATO A.S.I. Symposium.
1977. New information on the evolution of the bradyodont Chondrichthyes. Fieldiana, Geol., 33: 521-539.
1977. A new petalodont (Chondrichthyes, Bradyodonti) from the Upper Mississippian of Montana. Ann. Carnegie Museum 46: 129-155.
1977. Echinochimaera meltoni new genus and species (Chimaeriformes), from the Mississippian of Montana. Ann. Carnegie Museum 46: 195-221.
1978. Anatomy and relationships of the family Phlegethontiidae (Amphibia, Aistopoda). Ann. Carnegie Museum, 47: 53-79.
1979. Fossil vertebrates of the Pennsylvania system of West Virginia, in: AGI Guidebook No. 1. Proposed Pennsylvanian System Stratotype, Virginia and West Virginia, pp. 105-109.
1979. Fossil vertebrates of the Carboniferous of the West Virginia region. In: the Carboniferous system in the United States - West Virginia: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 1110A.
1980. Photomacrography of fossils for publication. Jour. Paleo. 54: 264-266.
1980. Viviparity and intrauterine feeding in a Paleozoic holocephalan fish from the Lower Carboniferous of Montana. Science, 209: 697-699.
1982. and W. G. Melton, Jr. Paratarrasius hibbardi new genus and species (Actinopterygii, Tarrasiiformes) from the Namurian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana, U.S.A. Palaeontology 25: 485-498.
1982. Harpagofututor volsellorhinus, new genus and species (Chondrichthyes, Chondrenchelyiformes) from the Namurian Bear Gulch Limestone, Chondrenchelys problematica Traquair (Visean) and their sexual dimorphism. Jour. Paleo. 56: 938- 958.
1983. On a dentition of Polyrhizodus (Chondrichthyes, Petalodontiformes) from the Namurian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana. Jour. Vert. Paleont. 3: 1-6.
1983. Photomacrography of fossils- an updated version. Jour. Paleo. 57: 870.
1983. Janvier, P. and R. Lund. Hardistiella montanensis n. gen. et sp. (Petromyzontida) from the Lower Carboniferous of Montana, with remarks on the affinities of the lampreys. Jour. Vert. Paleont. 2: 407-413.
1984. and R. S. Mapes. Carcharopsis wortheni from the Fayetteville Formation (Mississippian) of Arkansas. Jour. Paleo. 58: 709-717.
1984. On the spines of the Stethacanthidae (Chondrichthyes), with a description of a new genus from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone. Geobios, 17, fasc. 3: 281-295.
1984. and W. L. Lund. New genera and species of coelacanths from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) of Montana (U.S.A.). Geobios,
1985. Janvier, P., and R. Lund. Ces etranges betes du Montana. La Recherche, 16: 98-100.
1985. The morphology of Falcatus falcatus (St. John and Worthen), a Mississippian stethacanthid chondrichthyan from the Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana. Jour. Vert. Paleo., 5: 1-19.
1985. and W.L. Lund. Coelacanths from the Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana and the evolution of the Coelacanthiformes. Bull. Carnegie Museum 25: 74 p.
1985. Stethacanthid Elasmobranch remains from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian E2b) of Montana. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Novitates, 2828: 1-24.
1985. Ecomorphology of the Bear Gulch Chondrichthyes. Neuvieme Congres Int. Strat. Geol. Carbonifere, Compte Rendu, V: 481-491, Urbana, Ill.
1985. Horner, J. R., and R. Lund. Biotic distribution and diversity in the Bear Gulch limestone. Neuvieme Congres Int. Strat. Geol. Carbonifere, Compte Rendu, V: 437-442, Urbana, Ill.
1985. Lund, W.L., R. Lund and G. Klein. Coelacanth feeding mechanisms and the ecology of the Bear Gulch coelacanths. Neuvieme Congres Int. Strat. Geol. Carbonifere, Compte Rendu, V: 492 - 500.
1986. Lund, R. and P. Janvier. A second lamprey from the Lower Carboniferous (Namurian) of Bear Gulch, Montana (U.S.A.). Geobios 19 (5): 647-652.
1986. On Damocles serratus, nov. gen. et sp. (Elasmobranchii, Cladodontida) from the Upper Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana. Jour. Vert. Paleo. 6: 12-19.
1986. The diversity and relationships of the Holocephali. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Indo-Pacific fishes, T. Uyeno et al, eds, p. 97-116.
1988. Hunting sharks, in Montana?, Middle American Paleontological Soc. Digest, 11 (5): 30-38.
1988. New Mississippian Holocephali (Chondrichthyes) and the evolution of the Holocephali. In Teeth Revisited: Proceedings of the VII Int. Symp. on Dental Morph., Paris, May 1986, Russell, D. E., Santoro, J. P. and Sigogneau-Russell, D., Eds., Mem. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris, (serie C) 53:195-205.
1988. New information on Squatinactis caudispinatus (Chondrichthyes, Cladodontida) from the Chesterian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana. J. Vert. Paleo., 8:340-342
1989. New petalodonts (Chondrichthyes) from the Upper Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone (Namurian E2b. J. Vert. Paleo. 9:350-368.
1990. Chondrichthyan Life History Styles as revealed by the 320 million years old Mississippian of Montana. Environmental Biol. Fishes 27:1-19.
1990. Grogan, E.D., and R. Lund. A culture system for the maintenance and proliferation of shark and sting ray immunocytes. J. Fish. Biol. 36:633-642.
1991. Grogan, E.D., and R. Lund. Reactivity of human white blood cells to factors of elasmobranch origin. Copeia 1991(2):402- 408.
1992. Bartholomew, P. R., R. Lund & A. Kemp. The mineralization of fish dental hard tissues. pp. 1-10 in Structure, Function and Evolution of Teeth, P. Smith, (ed), Fruend, London.
1992. Lund, R., P. R. Bartholomew & A. Kemp. The composition of the dental hard tissues of fishes. pp. 35-71 in Structure, Function and Evolution of Teeth, P. Smith, (ed), Fruend, London.
1993. Lund, R., Feldman, H., Lund, W., & C. Maples, The depositional environment of the Bear Gulch Limestone, Fergus County Montana. pp 87-96 in Montana Geol. Soc. Guidebook 1993, Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Montana.
1994. Feldman, H., Lund, R., Maples, C., & Archer, A. Origin of the Bear Gulch beds (Namurian, Montana, USA). Geobios, M.S. no. 16: 283-291.
1995. Lund, R., C. Poplin, & K. McCarthy. Preliminary analysis of the interrelationships of some Paleozoic Actinopterygii. In H. Lelièvre, S. Wenz, A. Blieck & R. Cloutier, (eds): Premiers Vertébrés et Vertébrés Inférieurs. Geobios, M.S. 19:215-220.
1995. Poplin, C. & R. Lund. Fates of the rostral, postrostral and premaxillary bones in the early history of actinopterygians. In H. Lelièvre, S. Wenz, A. Blieck & R. Cloutier, (eds): Premiers Vertébrés et Vertébrés Inférieurs. Geobios, M.S. 19:225-230.
1995. Grogan, E.D. & R. Lund. Pigment patterns, soft anatomy and relationships of Bear Gulch Chondrichthyes. In H. Lelièvre, S. Wenz, A. Blieck & R. Cloutier, (eds): Premiers Vertébrés et Vertébrés Inférieurs. Geobios, M.S. 19:145-146.
1997. Lund, R. and E.D. Grogan. Relationships of the Chimaeriformes and the basal radiation of the Chondrichthyes. Reviews of Fish Biology and Fisheries 7:1-59.
1997. Grogan, E. D. and R. Lund. Soft tissue pigments of the Upper Mississippian chondrenchelyid, Harpagofututor volsellorhinus (Chondrichthyes, Holocephali) from the Bear Gulch Limestone, Montana, USA. Journal of Paleontology 71:337- 342.
1997. Lund, R. and C. Poplin. The rhadinichthyids (paleoniscoid actinopterygians) from the Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17:466-486.
1997. Lund, R., and E.D. Grogan. Cochliodonts from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone Heath Formation; Big Snowy Group, Chesterian) of Montana and the relationships of the Holocephali. Dinofest International Symposium, Proceedings: 477-492.
1999. Grogan, E. D., R. Lund, and D. Didier, A description of the chimaerid jaw and its phylogenetic origins. Journal of Morphology 239:45-59.
1999. Lund, R., and C. Poplin. Fish diversity of the Bear Gulch Limestone, Namurian, Lower Carboniferous of Montana, USA. Geobios 32:285-295.
2000. Grogan, E.D., & R. Lund. Debeerius ellefseni (Fam. Nov., Gen. Nov., Spec. Nov.), an autodiastylic chondrichthyan from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana (USA), the relationships of the Chondrichthyes, and comments on gnathostome evolution. Journal of Morphology 243:219-245.
2000. Lund, R. The new actinopterygian order Guildayichthyiformes from the Lower Carboniferous of Montana (USA). Geodiversitas (MNHN, Paris) 22 (2): 171-206.
2000. Poplin, C., & R. Lund. Two new deep-bodied actinopterygians from Bear Gulch, (Montana, USA, Lower Carboniferous). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 428-449.
2002. E. D. Grogan & R. Lund. The Geological and Biological Environment of the Bear Gulch Limestone (Mississippian of Montana, USA), and a model for its deposition. Geodiversitas, Paris 24:295-315.
2002. Poplin, C. and R. Lund. Cladistic analysis of the relationships of the Tarrasiids
(Lower Carboniferous Actinopterygians). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(3): 480-486.
2002. Poplin, C. and R. Lund. Two Carboniferous fine-eyed palaeoniscoids (Pisces,
Actinopterygii) from Bear Gulch (USA). Journal of Paleontology 76(6):1014-1028.
2004 Lund, R., and E.D. Grogan. Two tenaculum-bearing holocephalimorpha (Chondrichthyes) from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Chesterian, Serpukhovian) of Montana, USA. part 1, p. 171-188 in Arratia, G., Wilson, M.V.H. and Cloutier, R., Recent advances in the origin and early radiation of vertebrates, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil,. München.
2004 Lund, R., and E.D. Grogan. Five new euchondrocephalan Chondrichthyes from the Bear Gulch Limestone (Serpukhovian, Namurian E2b) of Montana, USA. Part 2, p. 505-532, in Arratia, G., Wilson, M.V.H. and Cloutier, R., Recent advances in the origin and early radiation of vertebrates, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil,. München.
2004 Janvier, P., Lund, R., and Grogan, E.D. Further consideration of the earliest known lamprey, Hardistiella montanensis Janvier and Lund 1982 from the Carboniferous Bear Gulch of Montana, USA. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 742-743.
2004 Grogan, E.D. and Lund, R. The origin and relationships of early chondrichthyans. Chapter 1, p. 3-32 in Biology of sharks and their relatives, J.C. Carrier, J.A. Musick and M.R. Heithaus (eds), CRC press, Boca Raton.

Top of page

Papers from the Laboratory

DiCanzio, J. 1985. Ecomorphology of the Osteichthyes from the Bear Gulch limestone. Neuvieme Congres Int. Strat. Geol. Carbonifere, Compte Rendu, V, Urbana,Ill.: 501-512.
Lowney, K.A. 1985. Paleonisciformes from the Bear Gulch limestone. Ibid.
Lowney, K.A. 1980. Revision of the Haplolepidae (Haplolepiformes, Actinoptergyii) from the Pennsylvanian of Linton, Ohio. Jour. Paleo. 54:942-953.
Lund, W.L. 1983. New catalog number for the holotype of Harpagofututor volsellorhinus., J. Paleontology, 57:1135.
Lund, W.L. 1985. A new color slide preparation technique. J. Paleontology 59:477-478.
Grogan, E.D., and R. Lund. 1990. A culture system for the maintenance and proliferation of shark and sting ray immunocytes. J. Fish. Biol. 36:633-642.
Grogan, E.D., and R. Lund. 1991. Reactivity of human white blood cells to factors of elasmobranch origin. Copeia 1991(2):402- 408.
Grogan, E.D. & R. Lund, 1995. Pigment patterns, soft anatomy, and relationships of Bear Gulch Chondrichthyes. Geobios spec. mem. 19, Premiers Vertebres et Vertebres Inferieurs, Paris:145-146.
Staropoli, J. 1993. On the relationship between morphology, form, function, ecology and time: A case study from the Paleozoic of Montana. Westinghouse Science Project, National Semifinalist, 1993. (Waldorf School).
Sims, D. B. 1994. Feeding mechanisms and species differentiation of Bear Gulch paleoniscoids. Westinghouse Science Project, National Semifinalist, 1994. (Kennedy High School).
Chak, Melissa, 1996. Ganoine patterns in Paleoniscoid Actinopterygii and the epigenetic architecture of the paleoniscoid skull. Westinghouse Science Project, Semifinalist 1-10-97.(Kennedy High School).Mulvey, Laura, 2002. On the micro-architecture of prismatic calcified cartilage in the jaws of sharks. Intel Science Project, regional finalist, current.

RL: rev. 11/16/2005

Top of page