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1. Backward Chaining is the inference method used by the prolog engine. It is thus easy to code in prolog. Inference procedes by choosing a goal to be proved and looking for rules that will establish the goal. This form of goal directed reasoning was the basis for Newell and Simon's general problem solver.
2. Forward Chaining applies the rules to the currently known facts to deduce new facts. Without some guidance as to the rules that are to be chosen it leads to very inefficient implementations. The prolog code needs to test all the rules for applicability.

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