numapprox[laurent] - Laurent series expansion Calling Sequence laurent(f, LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiekYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1JI21vR0YkNi1RIj1GJy9GM1Enbm9ybWFsRicvJSZmZW5jZUdRJmZhbHNlRicvJSpzZXBhcmF0b3JHRj0vJSlzdHJldGNoeUdGPS8lKnN5bW1ldHJpY0dGPS8lKGxhcmdlb3BHRj0vJS5tb3ZhYmxlbGltaXRzR0Y9LyUnYWNjZW50R0Y9LyUnbHNwYWNlR1EsMC4yNzc3Nzc4ZW1GJy8lJ3JzcGFjZUdGTEY5LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiekYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMEYnL0Y2USdub3JtYWxGJ0Y+LyUvc3Vic2NyaXB0c2hpZnRHUSIwRidGPg==, n) laurent(f, z, n) Parameters 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 - expression representing the function to be expanded LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiekYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1GIzYkLUYvNiNRIUYnL0Y2USdub3JtYWxGJy8lL3N1YnNjcmlwdHNoaWZ0R1EiMEYnRj0= - the variable of expansion 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 - the point about which to expand n - (optional) non-negative integer stating the order of expansion

The function laurent computes the Laurent series expansion of f, with respect to the variable z, about the point LUklbXJvd0c2Iy9JK21vZHVsZW5hbWVHNiJJLFR5cGVzZXR0aW5nR0koX3N5c2xpYkdGJzYkLUklbXN1YkdGJDYlLUkjbWlHRiQ2JVEiekYnLyUnaXRhbGljR1EldHJ1ZUYnLyUsbWF0aHZhcmlhbnRHUSdpdGFsaWNGJy1GIzYkLUkjbW5HRiQ2JFEiMEYnL0Y2USdub3JtYWxGJ0Y+LyUvc3Vic2NyaXB0c2hpZnRHUSIwRidGPg==, up to order n. The laurent function is a restriction of the more general series function. See series for a complete explanation of the parameters. If the result of the series function applied to the specified arguments is a Laurent series with finite principal part (i.e. only a finite number of non-negative powers appear in the series) then this result is returned; otherwise, an error-return occurs. The command with(numapprox,laurent) allows the use of the abbreviated form of this command.

This command is needed to load the laurent function: with(numapprox): laurent(1/(z-z^2), z=0, 10); laurent(1/(z-z^2), z=1, 10); laurent(1/(z*sin(z)), z=0, 10); r := (z^2 + 2*z - 3) / (z^4 - 11*z^3 + 42*z^2 - 68*z + 40); laurent(r, z=2); JSFH

JSFH