Research and Projects

The paper will be divided into 5 sections. First, the introduction section will include the definitions of DNR and DNI orders, statistics about how many people actually understand what these orders entail, and a discussion of how much information is considered adequate for a patient to provide informed consent to their decision. Second, there will be a discussion
on the history of these DNR orders, beginning with the laws that brought them into existence, the controversies associated with them, and their usage rates over time. Third, will be an ethical analysis of informed consent and why this is an ethically required part of patient care in general. Fourth, will entail the implementation plan, including the production of the video
and what will be shown in the video. Medical residents will assist with the writing and filming of this part of the project so as to ensure that the best possible information is included. This section will also include a discussion about how we will study the effect of this video on patients’ levels of informed consent. The main question here will be: does the visual explanation give the patient a better grasp of the decision he or she is making? Fifth, this section will conclude with recommendations for further implementation of the program and draw conclusions. 

Why do Pulse Oximeter Devices have a Higher Error Rate in Black Patients? Researchers have found that the pulse oximeter can provide misleading results in more than one in ten people. During the pandemic, the inexpensive device has become widely sold online, used by customers to monitor their own oxygen levels at home when doctors have told them they are not sick enough to be hospitalized.  This report has stirred concern because the pandemic is taking a disproportionate toll on Black and Hispanic Americans, drawing attention to racial disparities and prompting soul-searching among physicians about bias that permeates the practice of medicine. Though scientific reports of the inaccuracies have been published in the past, they did not receive widespread attention or get incorporated into medical training. Why?

Ozempic(active ingredient semaglutide), a drug produced by Novo Nordisk was designed to help people struggling with type 2 diabetes. Ozempic is used as a once a week injection to help the pancreas increase insulin levels and manage a person's average blood glucose levels HbA1c. Ozempic has become popular recently as it has a side effect of decreasing appetite similar to bariatric surgery. People are now using ozempic as a way to lose weight instead of a diabetes treatment. It is an issue of just allocation of resources when people use Ozempic for weight loss. As Ozempic becomes more involved in the weight loss industry, it becomes increasingly harder for people struggling with type 2 diabetes to buy the now expensive drug.

Adherence to pharmacologic regimens plays an essential role in ensuring patients receive optimal therapy for their conditions. When adherence is affected due to various patient-specific factors, this can negatively impact the medication effectiveness on patients receiving the therapy, potentially leading to harmful health outcomes. Existing data identifies some continuing patient-specific reasons leading to adherence issues; however, there may be a lack of recent studies observing whether adherence issues are from those continued patient-specific factors or if there are newer rising patient concerns. Specifically, in the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus disease state, a majority of patients utilize injectable insulin medications that may or may not pose adherence concerns within that patient population. Our primary objective is to analyze adherence issues and their patient-specific causative factors within this Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patient population that utilizes injectable insulin medications. We hope to implement patient-oriented surveys and collect data anonymously to evaluate their adherence issues and causative factors. The results of these surveys can be evaluated to better understand how adherence issues can be addressed to optimize patients’ pharmacologic therapy.

Mental illness is the world’s “silent epidemic”, plaguing children, adults, and elderly alike. The 2022 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report estimated that around 20% children ages 3 to 17 suffer from a mental, emotional, developmental, or behavioral disorder while high schools have witnessed an approximately 40% increase in student suicidal behavior between 2009 and 2019. Likewise, the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health yielded that the percentage of U.S. adults, 18 years of age or older, who suffered from a mental illness in a given year increased from 17.7% in 2008 to 20.6% in 2019. Therefore, to offer a more comprehensive and holistic free preventative care at the Institute of Clinical Bioethics’ preventive-medicine-based clinics, this project aims at designing and implementing a mental health promotion station into the Health Promoter Program. The mental health station will serve two purposes: raising awareness of and preventatively screening for mental health risk factors in children and adults of all demographics. Emphasis will be placed on establishing free psychiatry consultations and combating stigma surrounding seeking help with mental health, especially among undocumented and uninsured immigrants from lower socio-economic statuses.

Ibogaine, a psychoactive substance derived from the African shrub Tabernanthe iboga, has been historically used in West Central Africa for alleviating feelings of fatigue, hunger and thirst. First noticed by Western medicine as a neuromuscular stimulant, researchers grew interested in Ibogaine’s potential for use in substance use disorder treatments; patients reported alleviated withdrawal symptoms when administered with regulated doses of Ibogaine for treatment of drug-dependencies. However, evidence of Ibogaine’s neurotoxic effects, induced tremors, damage to Purkinje fibers, alongside the death of a patient in a 1993 FDA-approved clinical trial investigating the effects of the drug, led the FDA in 1970 to classify Ibogaine as a schedule I drug; this hindered further research into its effects, safety, and therapeutic potential. In 2020, ICEERS began the first official phase II clinical trial examining the efficacy of Ibogaine’s use in combating substance use disorder. This research project aims at evaluating Ibogaine’s therapeutic potential based on ongoing clinical trials, as well as addressing the historical, pharmacological, medical, legal, and ethical dimensions of legalizing its use in SUD therapy.

This research project investigates the historical aspect of vaccine hesitancy and how it impacts vaccine hesitancy today. It also investigates factors that affect vaccine hesitancy, such as access to care, finances, and the role of policy. Misconceptions about the severity of the disease the vaccine protects against also contributes to vaccine hesitancy. This project will research recommendations to combat vaccine hesitancy and to increase engagement in the conversation surrounding vaccinations between physician and patient. It investigates the role of policy in vaccine hesitancy and how it can be understood, approached, and changed to support this public health intervention. 

On May 13th, 2024, the Division of Substance Use Prevention and Harm Reduction in the Philadelphia Department of Public Health reported the detection of medetomidine– a non-opioid analgesic and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist– in Philadelphia’s illicit drug supply. While dexmedetomidine– medetomidine’s D-enantiomer– is commonly used for
dose-dependent sedation of patients in emergency and operation rooms, illicit substances are being laced with both of medetomidine’s L- and D- enantiomers, which are not approved for conjoint use in humans. Considering xylazine-laced substances have amplified the severity of the opioid epidemic, there’s fear that an inadequate national response to the introduction of new potent non-opioid substances, such as medetomidine, would further exacerbate the national substance-use crisis. Therefore, this project will investigate medetomidine-use from a medical and pharmacological perspective, looking into possible national interventions to
help minimize the drug’s impact on the lives of people living with substance-use disorder and combat its detrimental influence on communities already pervaded with substance-use disorders.

It is estimated that 16.9 million menstruating women who live in the United States live in poverty, meaning they cannot afford their basic menstrual hygiene products. This condition, commonly known as ‘Period Poverty’, is described as inadequate access to safe and hygienic menstrual hygiene tools, including but not limited to sanitary pads, tampons, clean water and sanitation products, and menstrual health education, most often due to economic conditions. Economic conditions in conjunction with educational challenges and medical implications create a negative experience for people who menstruate, arguably impeding on their dignity and human rights. Looking at recent legal and policy moves in other states and countries, this paper will examine the importance of studying period poverty and implementing menstrual dignity laws.

Whooping cough, also called pertussis, is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the lungs and airways. It causes repeated coughing bouts that can last for 2 to 3 months or more, and can make babies and young children in particular very ill. Whooping cough is spread in the droplets of the coughs or sneezes of someone with the infection. The number of people reported with whooping cough, also known as pertussis, are rising in the United States. As of June 1, 2024, more than double the cases of whooping cough were reported as of this date in 2023. Whooping cough is returning to its more typical pre-pandemic cyclic patterns of more than 10,000 cases a year. Why has pertussis become problematic in the US?

Research has found placenta-derived grafts can reduce pain and inflammation, heal burns, prevent formation of scar tissue and adhesions around surgical sites and even restore vision. They’re even gaining popularity as a treatment for the widespread issue of chronic wounds. Could these grafts help xylazine wounds? Should there be placenta banks?

The use of anabolic steroids by athletes has been a frequent topic in many recent reports. While much has been written in the lay literature, there is little in the scientific literature documenting the actual use of steroids, particularly in adolescents. “Roids,” “Juice,” “Stackers or “Gear” are some common nicknames for Anabolic steroids, which are often used for muscle-building and to increase male sex characteristics. Due to their endurance-increasing and performance boosting powers, anabolic steroids are widely abused. The rampant use of these performance-enhancing drugs is often traced to peer pressure, influence by popular athletes and the lure of landing athletic scholarships. However, anabolic steroids also have several side-effects that show the ugly side of the drug, especially because these are taken in extremely high doses. They can cause both short-term and long-term side effects, which adversely affect the regular abusers. This paper will examine the use of steroids in high schools and give recommendations on how to deal with this issue.

Design and Implementation of a Palliative Care/ Hospice Program for the elderly in Arcatao, El Salvador.

This Project is part of the Hispanic and African Health Promoter Program and distributes prenatal vitamins to pregnant women as well as provides educational brochures on nutrition and breastfeeding.

The main goal of this project is to increase accessibility to eye care and promote quality vision for the people of the Diocese of Chalatenango, El Salvador by collecting and reading prescription eyeglasses for their proper prescription. The glasses will be sent to St. Bartolome Parish where an optometrist from San Salvador will distribute the glasses to the vulnerable
population.

This project will examine the best practices and determine how to best communicate these best practices worldwide. This project has one Institute Fellow, one Jefferson Medical Student and a resident from the Royal Academy of Surgeons in Dublin involved. This project received a $2500 grant from the Gustafson Foundation.

In August 2017, the United States Senate approved a bill that would allow people facing life-threatening diseases access to unapproved experimental drugs, providing a victory for libertarian advocates who see government regulators as thwarting patients’ rights. Ethically, you have a situation where patients think they want to take a risk and don’t necessarily understand what risk they are taking. Is this ethical?

Sperm counts have been dropping, infant boys are developing more genital abnormalities,
more girls are experiencing early puberty, and adult women appear to be suffering declining
egg quality and more miscarriages. From 1973-2011, the sperm count of average men in
Western countries had fallen by 59%. The problem is a class of chemicals called endocrine
disruptors, which mimic the body’s hormones and thus fool our cells. This is a particular
problem for fetuses as they sexually differentiate early in pregnancy. Endocrine disruptors
can wreak reproductive havoc. These endocrine disruptors are everywhere: plastics,
cosmetics, cushions, pesticides, canned foods, and ATM receipts. Why are chemical
companies not being held accountable as tobacco companies and opioid manufacturers
were a decade ago?

The primary goal is to educate the Hispanic community in Philadelphia about mental health
services by providing them valuable information on common mental illnesses. The second
goal is to help the Hispanic community find therapies that are affordable and easily
accessible. The counseling professors at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine have
provided information on the Hispanic community’s mental health services. The Philly Hope
line is a free online helpline for children experiencing a loss of a loved one. The helpline
consists of Master’s level clinicians who specialize in mental health counseling and grief
support. The Philly Hope Line provides Spanish and English Speakers. The goal is to
increase mental health services among the undocumented Hispanic community.

The Opioid Task Force will examine the use of fentanyl-laced drugs. Powdered fentanyl
looks just like many other drugs. It is commonly mixed with drugs like heroin, cocaine, and
methamphetamine and made into pills that are made to resemble other prescription
opioids. Fentanyl-laced drugs are extremely dangerous, and many people may be unaware
that their drugs are laced with fentanyl. As a result, the death rate among young Americans
has increased drastically.

This is an examination of the Pac n’ Play crib that will be distributed to undocumented
pregnant women as part of the Pre-Natal Station and the Hispanic Health Promoter
Program. The pregnant women will be educated on pre-natal care until the 8th month of
their pregnancy, then will be given the Pac n’ Play and will be contacted by phone 3-6-9-12
months after their delivery to collect data on the success of the program.

According to the American Cancer Society, there have been nearly 60,000 new cases of all
types of leukemia in 2023 thus far, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. These
diseases can be cured by the process of stem cell transplants or bone marrow transplants.
The purpose of this project is to bring awareness to a serious issue that has a simple
solution. The National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) is a nonprofit organization that
operates the “Be The Match” nationwide registry, in which volunteers are qualified to
donate stem cells or bone marrow. The goal is to initiate a campus wide campaign at Saint
Joseph’s University to recruit potential volunteers for the “Be The Match” registry. Events
will be organized with the help of other student organizations on a semester basis to gain
participants.

Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in hospitalizations of
children under age 6 due to the ingestion of edibles. As more states have legalized the
recreational use of marijuana, there has been a rise in the exposure for young children. This
includes marijuana edibles such as brownies, gummies, and other candies. This project will
examine the short- and long-term toxic effects on children who ingest marijuana, as well as
analyze the financial implications and marketing environment for products of this nature.

This program will gather the basic data as in any health promoter camp and some additional
data as per the Interheart risk calculator (https://rome.phri.ca/interheartriskscore) which
will categorize the person into low, intermediate or high risk for cardiac issues. For all the
patients, regardless of score, we will provide basic education in terms of the risk factors and
diet/exercise recommendations. For those who are high risk, we will provide referral to the
free clinic for getting laboratory results which can be used to calculate ASCVD risk score by
AHA which would be more accurate and confirm the risk status thereby allowing us to
intervene early and maybe start the patient on medication as indicated. In addition, his
program will design and implement an exercise and diet program for the three Health
Promoter Programs.

The District of Columbia joins Las Vegas, Chicago, Cincinnati and Puerto Rico in deploying
harm reduction vending machines to provide around-the-clock access to Narcan, fentanyl
test strips, male and female condoms, etc. to people who are homeless, vulnerable to opioid
abuse or wary of contacting community services. These vending machines were first opened
in Denmark in 1987. Ethically, are these vending machines ethical and do they save lives?

Tens of millions of Americans are suffering pain. But chronic pain is not just the result of
accidents but is linked to troubled childhood traumas, loneliness, unemployment,
educational failure, addiction, homelessness, mental health issues and a hundred other
pressures on working families. These issues are causing serious physical pain. Chronic pain
disproportionately strikes women, who according to one study are 75% more likely than
men to report severe pain. Another factor in pain differences is class. One study found that
poor Americans are more than three times as likely to report pain as wealthy Americans.
Another found that just 2% of those with graduate degree report serves pain, while almost
10% of high school dropouts do. It is clear that prevention entails addressing broader social
dysfunctions.

In the last decade, national awareness has grown on the dangers of medical student
burnout, and many medical schools have attempted to respond to this issue by
implementing a variety of wellness programs. Despite these efforts, medical students
remain three times more likely to die by suicide than others in their age group. After
medical school, doctors have higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to other
professional groups, and the suicide rate for doctors has been estimated to be two to five
times the rate of the general population. The mental health struggles doctors face in their
careers often begin in medical school or even during their undergraduate education, so it is
integral that medical schools care for the mental wellness of their students. This project will
examine some of the best practices that medical schools have implemented to promote
mental health and design a program that combines the most effective elements of each.

Violating a patient’s confidentiality can have legal and ethical consequences for healthcare
providers, according to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA).
The act requires physicians the protect the privacy and security of a patient’s medical
records. HIPPA also sets forth who can see the confidential information and who cannot. Despite the law’s straightforwardness, there are some gray areas. For example, withholding
information about a patient’s condition could be unethical because it could harm the
patient or someone else. The opposite can also be harmful. A health practitioner could be
suspended or, in some cases, fined for posting information about cases on social media.
Despite how unintentional a practice like that can be, HIPPA laws prohibit any disclosure of
health information on social media channels, arguing that a patient loses their privacy
immediately after the fact.

3% of Sermo’s survey respondents felt that allocating limited donor organs is the top ethical
issue in healthcare, while 17% felt the same way about medication and tools. And it’s not
surprising considering that in the United States, more than 95% of North Americans are in
favor of being an organ donor yet only 58% are actually registered donors. With less than
4% of the population being on the waiting list for a donor, it can be seen that most organs in
the U.S. come from deceased donors and only a small percentage come from living ones.
This is why research on the ethical issues of limited donor organs is very important in order
to increase the number of living donors. How can we increase living organ donation?

Prioritizing neuropsychiatric symptom management in persons living with dementia can
reduce rates of adverse events and reduce caregiver burden. Therapeutic horticulture (TH)
as a nonpharmacological tool had shown evidence for decreasing psychiatric symptoms such
as agitation and depression in patients with dementia. Researchers have shown that TH as a
low-cost intervention can become an important aspect of the health care plan in dementia
patients. This study will examine both active and passive TH.

This project targets Black, Indigenous and People of Color from various parts of the Tri-state area. We offer medical screening, dental screening, eye screening, prenatal vitamins, Pack ’n Plays, children’s vitamins, cervical cancer and mammogram screening, lung and colon screening, cardiac screening, pharmacy screening, narcan distribution, wound care, PT/OT, etc. 

Our current site is as Mother of Mercy House in Kensington.

The project offers medical and dental screening to the undocumented in West Philadelphia. The focus is on the Liberian Community and other African communities. 

Our current site is Saint Cyprian Church in West Philadelphia.

This project targets the Hispanic community at Saint Barnabas Church in West Philadelphia. We offer medical screening, dental screening, eye screening, prenatal vitamins, Baby Boxes, children’s vitamins, cervical cancer and mammogram screening, legal and financial screening, PT/OT, etc.

The project is in conjunction with the Swifty Foundation in Chicago. A team of 3 Institute Fellows and one Mercy Medical Resident are involved.

This project targets the Chinese community in Chinatown. We offer medical screening,
dental screening, eye screening, prenatal vitamins, Pack ’n Plays, children’s vitamins,
cervical cancer and mammogram screening, legal and financial screening, PT/OT, etc.

Current site: Saint Thomas Aquinas Church in South Philadelphia and PCDC in Chinatown.

This project targets the Hispanic rural communities in rural New Jersey, Pennsylvania and
Delaware associated with the Consulate of Mexico. We offer medical screening, dental
screening, eye screening, prenatal vitamins, Pack ’n Plays, children’s vitamins, cervical
cancer and mammogram screening, legal and financial screening, PT/OT, etc.

• Trohn C, Abboud F, Clark P, Antioniello C. "Designing and Implementing a Mental Health Promotion Station into a Preventative Medical Clinic, "Internet Journal of Mental Health 10 (10) October 2024. DOI: 10.5580?IJMH.57191.
• Hernandez J. Clark P, Borgia, A, Butuc A, Haddad J, Lerner S, Odeh, D, Patel, M. "Embryo Cryopreservation: Is Regulation Necessary?" Internet Journal of Neonatology and Pediatrics 28 (1) October 2024. DOI: 10.5580/IJGO.57177.
• Badar I, Clark P, Stefanic I, Diana S, Chen A, Fogarty A, Odeh D, Huh J. "The Asian Health Promoter: Preventative Care for Philadelphia's Vulnerable," Internet Journal of Preventive Medicine 22 (1), October 2024. DOI: 10.5580/IJPRM.57155.
• Clark, P. (Editor) Contemporary Issues in Clinical Bioethics: Medical, Ethical and Legal Perspectives (London: InTech Publishers, May 2024). Doi10.5772/intechopen.1000428. ISBN978-1-83769-714-4. Print ISBN978-1-83769-715-1.
• Sampath, S., Renzu, M., Clark, P., Kelly, J., DiSandro ,D. “Sexually Transmitted Disease Rates are Surging: A Matter of Life and Death,”  in Contemporary Issues in Clinical Bioethics: Medical Ethical and Legal Perspectives,: Ed. Peter A. Clark (London: In Tech Publishers, March 2024). DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.1003211.
• Mehta V., Clark P, Fang C., Patel S., Fogarty A. “Xylazine, Philadelphia’s Silent Killer: Medical, Financial and Ethical Perspectives,” Accepted for Publication Journal of Internal Medicine 15 (1) 2024. DOI: 10.5580/IJIM.56949. 
• Clark P., Agarwal S., Ramesh N., Kumar S., Patel M., Wang E., Trapp T., Curtin C. “Creation of a College-Oriented Program to Raise Awareness for Blood Stem Cell Donation and its Major Implications on Different Types of Blood Cancer,” Journal of Internal Medicine   10 (1) 2024. DOI: 10.5580/IJPH.56944.  
• Clark P., Weisner Z., Collins E., Hanson K., Patrick H., “Evaluation of Capacity in the Hospital Setting and its Long-Term Implications,” Journal of Healthcare Ethics and Administration 10 (1) 2/2024. doi.org/10.22461/jhea.4.71614 
• Sampath S, Clark P, Szabo J, Martinez S, Ocasio A, Aggarwal A, Curtin C, Gabrieliants B, Chen A, Rhodes A, McGeary A. “Testing Basic Health Necessities of Underrepresented Communities in the Tristate Area,” Journal of Public Health 10 (1) May 2024. DOI: 10.5580/IJPH.57026 .
•  Kelly J,  Clark, P, Ahluwalia R, Yong S, Szabo J, Colman A, Fogarty A, Do C, Isaac J. “Supervised Injection Sites: A Viable Option To Save Lives,” Journal of Public Health 10 (1) May 2024. DOI: 10.5580/IJPH.57037 
• Clark P, George P, Aggarwal A, Abboud F, Durugu S, Isaac J, Kino A. “Unveiling the Efficacy and Hurdles of MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy for PTSD,” Journal of Pharmacology 16 (1) May 2024.  DOI: 10.5580/IJPHARM.57034  
• Hernandez J, Abboud F, Clark P, Haddad J, Aggarwal A, Liscano B. “Tongue-Ties in Infants: Are Oversight and Guidelines Needed?” Internet Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology 24 (1): July 2024. DOI: 10.5580/IJPN.57080. 
• Abboud F, Kenefick A, Clark P, Coleman A, Beltran C, Lyons C, Khoury N and Kristo, K. “BIPOC Health Promoter: A Paradigm for Preventive Medical Clinics in Underserved Areas Struck with Illicit Substance Abuse,” Journal of Healthcare Ethics and Administration 10 (2) Summer 2024. DOI: 1022461/jhea.1.71645
• A Aggarwal, K L Hanze Villavicencio, P Clark. Between Hope and Hard Choices: The Ethical Frontiers of Neonatal Care for Medically Complex Infants. The Internet Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology. 2024 Volume 24 Number 1.
• Badar, F J Abboud, P A Clark, P George, B McNierney, J Kelly, M Galdo. Herbal Medicine: A Path to Self-Medication or Medical Complications?. The Internet Journal of Family Practice. 2024 Volume 15 Number 1.
• J Hernandez, S Sampath, D DiSandro, P Clark, J Kelly, A Aggarwal. Normothermic Regional Perfusion: Stepping Stone or Slippery Slope?. The Internet Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2024 Volume 23 Number 1.
• P A Clark, J Szabo, G Campusano, S Martinez, B Benjamin Gabrieliants. Implementation of the Healthy Mother, Healthy Baby Initiative and Pack ‘n Play Program: A Public Policy Initiative. The Internet Journal of Public Health. 2024 Volume 10 Number 1.

• Clark Peter, Isola Adetola, Panda Monisha, Stinson Connor, Stout Justin, Kelly Joseph, Aggarwal Adamya, Romero Brandan, Sheppard Simon. “Genetically Modified Pig Kidneys in Humans: Medical, Ethical, Financial and Social Perspectives.” Journal of Nephrology 12 (2) January 2023. DOI: 10.5580/IJNE.56560
• Clark Peter, Micale Jessica, Ferko Tiana, Lombardo Stefania, Haddad Christopher, Vu Kevin. “Dental Health Promoter: A Paradigm for Other Universities.” Journal of Dental Science 18 (1) January 2023.DOI: 10.5580/IJDS.56611
• Clark Peter, Deshpande Soheil, Agrawal Shubham, Kelly Joseph, Lu Christy, Fasolas Stephanie & Stefanic Isabella. “Pediatric Post-Morten Tissue Donation: The Ethical Responsibility of Physicians,” Journal of Oncology 18 (1) June 2023.DOI: 10.5580/IJO.56672.
• Clark Peter, Aggarwal, A., Do C., Kelly J., DiSandro D., “Cruelty of Compassion: The Ethics and Pharmacology of Lethal Injections in Capital Punishment,” Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethics, 15 (1), 2023. DOI: 10.5580/IJLHF.56843
• Clark Peter, Abdul-Sattar A., Naik M., Rajmohan T., Naqvi M., Rivera-Colon G., Spencer C., Stout J., Grana D., Kelly J., DiSandro D., Sheppard S., Vizzeswarapu S., Oduwole S. “Adderall Laced with Fentanyl: The Epidemic is Killing Our Youth,” Journal of Public Health Policy 9 (1): November 2023. DOI: 10.5580/IJPH.56911. 
• Clark P., Sampath S., Renzu M., Kelly J. “ECMO, A Bridge To Transplant Or To Nowhere: Medical, Ethical and Financial Perspectives,” Journal of Pulmonary Medicine 21 (1): November 2023. DOI: 10.5580/IJPM.56864.
•  Clark P., McNierney B., Nunziata S., Tracey J., Sheppard S., Lewis M., Ray D., Ali A. “Distribution of Safe Smoking Kits in the City of Philadelphia: A Harm Reduction Approach.” Journal of Public Health 9 (1): November 2023. DOI: 10.5580/IJPH.56880.

1. Clark Peter, Mamo Gabriella, Stout Justin, McNierney Bridget, Tracy Joseph, DiSandro Daniel, Grana David, Rivera-Colon Gerardo, McCarthy Teagan & Kondrat Irena. “Opioid Task Force Phase Four: Undergraduate and Medical School Opioid Certification Curricula,” Journal of Public Health 8 (1) 2022. DOI: 10.5580/IJPH.56442
2. Clark, P. (Editor) Bioethical Issues in Healthcare (London: InTech Publishers, July, 2022). ISBN  978-1-83969-466-0.
3. Clark Peter, Massada Karen, Stout Justin, McNierney Bridget, Tracey Joseph, Webster Theresa, McCarthy Teagan & Kondrat Irena. “Human Facial Transplantation: 15-Year Update,” Internet Journal of Surgery 38 (1) January 2022.
   DOI: 10.5580/IJS.56265
4. Clark, P. Grana, David. “An Examination of Safe Injection Sites and Ethical Issues in Philadelphia, United States,” in Bioethical Issues in Healthcare Ed. Peter A. Clark (Rijeka, Croatia: InTech Publishers, May 2022).
   DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.104565.

1. Clark Peter, Grana David and Hossain Samia. “The Ethics of Uterine Transplants: A Revolutionary Treatment for Women with Uterine Factor Infertility,” Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 25 (1) January 2021.
2. Clark Peter, Donohue Jennifer, Di Sandro Daniel, Grana David, Myers Andrew, Fontana Michael & Cooney Kevin. “Death Education: An Educational Approach to Death and Dying,” Journal of Healthcare Ethics and Administration 7 (1) Winter 2021.
3. Clark Peter, Mathew Nimmy, Buragamadagu Bhanusowmya, & Morales Daniel. "Adult Palliative Care/Hospice Program in Arcatao, El Salvador: A Paradigm for Developing Nations.” Journal of Pain, Symptom Control and Palliative Care 14 (1) 2021. 
4. Clark Peter, Swift Tim, Stout Justin, McNierney Bridget & Williamson Ryan. "Is the Mercy Health Promoter a Cost Effective Program?." Journal of Healthcare Administration 13 (1) May 2021. 
   DOI: 10.5580/IJHCA.55852
5. Clark Peter, Ramireddy Karthik, Paravathaneni Mahati, DiSandro Daniel & Cristelli Juliana. “Nursing Homes and COVID-19: Medical, Legal and Ethical Perspectives.” Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology 14 (1), 2021.
   DOI: 10.5580/IJGG.55879.
6. Clark Peter, Mamo Gabriella, Stout, Justin, Tracy Joseph, Grana David, Patrick Haley, Imperato Nicholas, Keerthy Joseph, Verushka Bedi, Vihitha Theta, Rushabh Shah, Chen Song, DiSandro Daniel, Hirschfield Jack, Morrison Nathan, Glammo Elisa, Laird Patrick, Gulato Rishi, Jenkins Thomas and DeStasio Danielle. "A Proposal for a Comprehensive Opioid Education and Prevention Health Curriculum for Grades K-12 in Pennsylvania." Journal of Addiction and Dependence 6 (1) April 2021.
   DOI: 10.15436/2471-061X.21.3312.
7. Clark Peter, Burleigh Ave, Marampudi MD Sindhu, Vanaparthi DDS Abhinya, Koneru MD Mounica, Hoag Zoe and DeStasio Danielle. “Implementation of the Baby Box Program: A Matter of Life and Death,” Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology 23 (1) 2021.
   DOI: 10.5580/IJPN.55953. 
8. Clark Peter, Ramireddy Karthik, Mounica Koneru, Lipshutz Seth, McDermott Sean, Rivera-Colon Gerardo, DeStasio Danielle.  “Achondroplasia: To Treat or Not To Treat,” Journal of Internal Medicine 14 (1) Spring 2021. 
   DOI: 10.5580/IJIM.55916

1. Peter Clark, S.J., Ph.D., professor of medical ethics and director of the Institute of Clinical Bioethics, and the John McShain Chair in Ethics, David Grana ’21, and Samia Hossain, M.D., internal medicine resident at Mercy Catholic Medical Center, co-authored the article “The Ethics of Uterine Transplants: A Revolutionary Treatment for Women with Uterine Factor Infertility” in The Internet Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Clark and Grana also co-authored “Death Education: An Educational Approach to Death and Dying” with Daniel Di Sandro ’23, Andrew Myers ’19, Michael Fontana ’20, Kevin Cooney ’20 and Jennifer Donohue, principal in the Philadelphia school district, in The Journal of Healthcare Ethics and Administration.
2. Clark, P. “How to Create a Truly Diverse Ethics Committee,” Medical Ethics Advisor January 1, 2020.
3. Clark Peter, Gabriella Mamo, Samuel Schadt, Sonul Gulati, Arun Minupuri, John Dubensky,
   Archen Krupadev, Rushabh Shah, Shengnan Zheng, Jesus Salas Noain, Cameron Fick, Olivia
   Nguyen, Patrick Laird, Rishi Gulati, Michael Fontana, Priscilla Rodriguez, Graham Clifford, Sean
   McDermott, Haley Patrick, Justin Stout, Jordan Davis. “Is Medical Marijuana a Viable Option for
   Opioid Replacement Therapy?” Journal of Addiction and Dependence 5 (1) January 2020.
   DOI: 10.15436/2472-06IX.19.2638.
4. Clark Peter, Krupadev Archen, Rutt Lauren, Fontana Michael. “Vaccinations and the Influence
   of Social media in the United States.” Journal of Neonatology and Clinical Pediatrics 7 January
   2020.
   DOI: 10.24966/NCP-878X/100042.
5. Clark Peter, Bhavsar Harsh, Nguyen T and Morales Daniel, “An Investigation of the Emerging
   Fungal “’Superbug’ Candida auris and its Potential Adverse Effects in Vulnerable Populations.”
   Internet Journal of Infectious Diseases 18 (1) January 2020.
   DOI:10.5580/IJID.54847.
6. Clark Peter, Musleh Wafa, Grana David, Grana Jason, Sa’di Hiba, Barham Hazar, Simone
   Christopher and Siegele Patrick. “Pediatric Advanced Care Team (PACT): A Model for Caritas
   Baby Hospital in Bethlehem, Palestine and a Paradigm for Developing Nations,” Journal of
   Pediatrics and Neonatology 22 (1) September 2020.
   DOI: 10.5580/IJPN.55253.
7. Ochasi Aloysius, Lopez-Font Francisco, Jean-Baptiste Bidley, Williamson Ryan and Jenkins
   Thomas. “Mercy Health Promoter Model: Collaborating with African Immigrant Communities for
   Just Health Care – An Eight-Year Update.” Internet Journal of Health 16 (1) 2020.
   DOI: 10.5580/IJH.55147.

Clark P., Noor F., Simone C., Gulati R., and Wargins M. “Chronic Kidney Disease Undetermined
(CKDu) in Nicaraguan Sugar Cane Workers: Legal, Medical; and Ethical Analysis-A 5 Year
Update,” The Internet Journal of World Health and Societal Politics 11 (1) December 2019. DOI:
10.5580/IJWH.54692

Clark P., Nguyen J., Zheng S., Jenkins T., Cramer R. and Nguyen O. “The Vaping Epidemic
and its Implications in Tobacco Regulation,” The Internet Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethics
13 (1) December 2019. DOI: 10.5580/IJLHE.54741

Clark P., O’Doherty T., Lopez-Font F., Stout J., Patrick H. and Burleigh A. “Mercy Health
Promoter Model: Collaborating with Hispanic Immigrant Communities for Just Health Care-A 5
Year Update,” Internet Journal of Public Health7 (1) December 2019. DOI:10.5580/IJPH.54776

Clark P., Dubensky J., Evans A., Bhatt, H., Ayala, A. and Umapathy S. “The Ethics of Medical Marijuana: Government Restrictions vs. Medical Necessity An Update,” Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethics 12 (1) 2018.

Clark P., Lee M., Gulati S., Minupuri A., Zheng S., Schadt S., Dubensky J., DiMeglio M., Umapathy S, Nguyen O., Rodriguez P., Cooney K. and Lathrop S. “Comprehensive User Engagement Sites (CUES) in Philadelphia: A Constructive Proposal,” Internet Journal of Public Health 18 (1) October 2018.

Clark, P. Ochasi, S. and Farrow D. “The Use of Viable Hepatitis C Organs For Patients With End-Stage Organ Diseases: Medical, Legal and Ethical Perspectives.” Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethics 12 (1) July 2018.

Clark P., McClendon, A., Maheshwari A., Nguyen T., Nguyen O., McNamee M. & Gareis C. “Sanitary Pads for Developing Nations: Medicals, Ethical and Design Issues,” Internet Journal of World Health and Societal Politics 10 (1) April 2018.

Clark, P., Lee M., Reddy, K.,Chowdhury J., Kumar N., Ndao, P., Suh, S., & Song, S. “Overcoming the Legacy of Mistrust: African Americans’ Mistrust of Medical Profession: A Constructive Proposal,” Journal of Healthcare Ethics and Administration, Spring, 2018.

Clark, P., Lui, M. & Cooney, K. “Fentanyl: Heroin Yielding to a Deadlier Street Cousin,” Internet Journal of Public Health 6 (1) March 2018.

Clark P., Lee M. & Nguyen O. “On Charlie Gard: Ethics, Culture, and Religion,“ The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration 4, (2 ) Fall/Winter 2018: 1-17

Nguyen, Olivia. “The Words Left Unspoken: Stories Surrounding the Hospital’s Medical Futility Policy,” Journal of Healthcare Ethics and Administration, 3 (2) Fall-Winter 2017.

Clark, P. & Myers, A. “To Treat or Not To Treat: The Case of Methylmalonic Acidemia,” Journal of Neonatology and Clinical Pediatrics, 4 (1) August 11, 2017.

Peter Clark, Lee, M. Eck, B. Edmonds, B. “The Effects of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) on Elementary and Secondary Student Football Players and Preventive Guidelines,” Internet Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology 19 (1) 2017.

Eileen Sullivan, Clark, P., Chowdury, J. “Loperamide Misuse and Recommendation for Yearly Federal Legislative Evaluation of New Law: ‘Combat Loperamide Epidemic Act (CLEA),’” Internet Journal of Public Health, 5 (1) Spring 2017.

Marvin Lee, Clark, P., Maheshwari, A. “Ethical Dilemma for a Medical Resident: A Case Study Analysis.” Internet Journal of Infectious Diseases 15 (1), September 2016.

Gabriella Mamo, Jennifer Smith, Ochasi, A., Sullivan, E. "Interdisciplinary Carative Care Curriculum and Mercy Health Promoter Program to Promote Improved Health Care Outcomes in the Hispanic Immigrant Population" The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration 3(3), 2016.

Gabriella Mamo, Vincent Pepe, Ochasi, A., Sopko, N. “Penile Transplants: To Do or Not To Do: Medical, Legal, Psychosocial, and Ethical Issues of Penile Transplants for Injured Veterans in the United States” The Internet Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethics, 2016.

Andrew Myers, Clark, P. Lee, M. & Edara, R. "Zika Virus: Can Artificial Contraception Be Condoned?" Internet Journal of Infectious Diseases 15 (1), July 2016.

Ana Maheshwari, Gleason, B. Edmonds, B. Schadt, J. DiMuzio, M. & Clark, P. "Pediatric Brain Cancer Tissue Donation: Ask and You Shall Receive," Internet Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology June 2016.

Nicholas Radigan, Clark, P. Chowdury, J. & Chan, B. “Chronic Kidney Disease in Nicaraguan Sugarcane Workers: A Historical, Medical, Environmental and Ethical Analysis,” Journal of World Health and Societal Politics 12 (1), 2016.

Ben Chan, Clark, P. & Lee, M. “Deafness and Prenatal Testing: A Case Study Analysis,” Journal of Family Practice 14 (1), 2016.

Michael Barkowski, Clark, P. & Sullivan, E. “Years Later the Question Remains: Physician Participation in Executions: Care Giver or Executioner?” Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethics 11 (1) Summer 2015.

David Temme, Clark, P., & Bhattarai, M.D., R. “Ethics Teaching Rounds: A Paradigm for all Teaching Hospitals,” submitted for publication Journal of Academic Medicine 2015.

Gabriel Solorzano, Marissa Tremoglie, Clark, P., O’Connell, A., Barkowski, M., & Brower, J. “Mercy Health Promoter Model: Collaborating with Hispanic Immigrant Communities for Just Health Care,” Journal of Public Health 2 (1) Fall 2014.

David Temme, Clark, P., McClendon, A. “Heroin: Naloxone as a Harm Reduction Technique,” Journal of Health 14, (1) Fall 2014.

Sam Schadt & Peter Clark, S.J. “Mercy Health Promoter: A Paradigm for Just Health Care,” Medical Science Monitor 19, October 2013.

Kim Nguyen, Mark Aita, S.J., Robert Bacon, Kevin Capuzzi, Esq. “Barriers to Adoption of Telestroke: Compliance and Legal Analysis,” Stroke 2013.

Dominic Gatta, Peter Clark, S.J., Ayodeji Adegunsoye, MD, Kevin Capuzzi, Esq. “Medical Tourism: Winners and Losers,” Journal of Health 14 (1) 2013.

Nurahmed Mohammed, Peter Clark, S.J., Kevin Capuzzi. “Undocumented Patients,” Hastings Center Report 42 (1) January-February 2012.

Matthew Fadus, Stephen Capuzzi, Peter Clark, S.J., Catalina Arango Pinedo. “Slow Sand Water Filter: Design, Implementation, Accessibility and Sustainability in Developing Countries,” submitted for publication to Medical Science Monitor.

Justin Eisenman, Stephen Szapor, and Peter Clark, S.J. “Surgical Vaccine: Should Male Circumcision Be Mandatory in Sub-Saharan Africa,” in Ethics Research Compendium, Peter M. Roberts & Emily O. Perez [eds] (New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2012).

Cameron Fick, Peter Clark, S.J., Kevin Capuzzi. “Medical Marijuana: Medical Necessity Versus Political Agenda,” Medical Science Monitor 17 (12) December 2011.

Matthew Fadus, Peter Clark, S.J., Jill Freidman, D.O. & David Crossin, Esq. “Concierge Medicine: Medical, Legal and Ethical Perspectives,” Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethics 7 (1) Spring 2011.

Joseph Harrison, Peter Clark, S.J., Ph.D. Kevin Capuzzi, Esq. “Telemedicine: Medical, Legal and Ethical Perspectives,” Medical Science Monitor16 (12), December 2010.

Stephen Szapor, Peter Clark, SJ, Ph.D., Justin Eisenman. “Surgical Vaccine: Should Male Circumcision Be Mandatory in Sub-Saharan Africa,” in Bioethics: Principles, Perspectives and Methodologies (New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., Fall 2010).

Joseph Capo, Peter Clark, SJ, Ph.D., George Sillup, Ph.D., "Afghanistan, Poppies and the Global Pain Crisis," accepted for publication Medical Science Monitor 16 (3), March 2010.

Matthew Fadus, Peter Clark, SJ, Ph.D. "Federal Funding For Needle Exchange Programs," Medical Science Monitor 16 (1), January 2010.

Krysta Contino, Peter Clark, SJ, Ph.D. “Health Care Access For Migrant Farmworkers: A Paradigm For Better Health,” Journal of Health 8, 2, January 2009.

Stephen Szapor, Justin Eiseman, Peter Clark, SJ, Ph.D. “Mandatory Neonatal Mail Circumcision in the Sub-Saharan Africa: Medical and Ethical Analysis," Medical Science Monitor. 13 (12) December 2007.

Lauren Vasta, Peter Clark, SJ, Ph.D. "The Ashley Treatment: An Ethical Analysis," Journal of Law, Healthcare and Ethics 5 (1) Fall 2007.

Luke Surry, Peter Clark S.J., Ph.D. “Mercy Health Promoters: A Paradigm for Implementing Third World Practices for Resource-Poor Conditions of the Developed World," Medical Science Monitor 13 (3) March 2007.